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Leonid "Leo" Hurwicz (August 21, 1917 – June 24, 2008) was a Polish-American economist and mathematician, born in Moscow.〔http://www.fau.edu/library/nobel90.htm〕〔https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Hurwicz.html〕 He originated incentive compatibility and mechanism design, which show how desired outcomes are achieved in economics, social science and political science. Interactions of individuals and institutions, markets and trade are analyzed and understood today using the models Hurwicz developed. To date, Leonid Hurwicz is the oldest Nobel Laureate, having received the prize at the age of 90. Hurwicz was Regents' Professor of Economics (Emeritus) at the University of Minnesota. He was among the first economists to recognize the value of game theory and was a pioneer in its application. Hurwicz shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson for their work on mechanism design. ==Personal life== Hurwicz was born in Moscow, Russia, to a family of Polish Jews a few months before the October Revolution. Soon after Leonid's birth, the family returned to Warsaw.〔 Hurwicz and his family experienced persecution by both the Bolsheviks and Nazis,〔 as he again became a refugee when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. His parents and brother fled Warsaw, only to be arrested and sent to Soviet labor camps. Hurwicz, who had graduated from Warsaw University in 1938, at the time of Nazi invasion on Poland was in London, moved to Switzerland then to Portugal and finally in 1940 he emigrated to the United States. His family eventually joined him there.〔〔 Hurwicz hired Evelyn Jensen (born October 31, 1923), who grew up on a Wisconsin farm and was, at the time, an undergraduate in economics at the University of Chicago, as his teaching assistant during the 1940s. They married on July 19, 1944 and later lived at a number of locations in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the last being on Edmund Boulevard near W. River Parkway S.. They had four children: Sarah, Michael, Ruth and Maxim. His interests included linguistics, archaeology, biochemistry and music.〔 His activities outside the field of economics included research in meteorology and membership in the NSF Commission on Weather Modification. When Eugene McCarthy ran for president of the United States, Hurwicz served in 1968 as a McCarthy delegate from Minnesota to the Democratic Party Convention and a member of the Democratic Party Platform Committee. He helped design the 'walking subcaucus' method of allocating delegates among competing groups, which is still used today by political parties. He remained an active Democrat; even attending Precinct Caucus in February 2008, at age 90.〔 He was hospitalized in mid-June 2008, suffering from renal failure. He died a week later in Minneapolis.〔(Leonid Hurwicz, oldest Nobel winner, dies, Minneapolis Star Tribune, June 25, 2008 )〕〔(Leonid Hurwicz, oldest Nobel winner, dies at 90, New York Times, June 26, 2008 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leonid Hurwicz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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